Not every cough is the flu: Learn about adenovirus
With flu season at its peak, many people tend to interpret any runny nose or sore throat as a passing bout of the flu. However, winter brings with it a wider range of viruses that target the respiratory system and the immune system, including the common cold, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), norovirus (which causes stomach upset), and COVID-19.
But amidst this viral onslaught, a lesser-known virus stands out: adenovirus. This common pathogen is often associated with what's known as a barking cough and is one of the most widespread viruses, especially among children.
According to the British newspaper, the Daily Mail, data from the UK's National Health Service (NHS) indicates that most people contract adenovirus at least once before the age of 10, making it a very common, though often underdiagnosed, infection.
A Mutating Virus and a Year-Round Infection
As a virus, adenovirus has a constant ability to mutate and evolve, which explains why it's possible to contract it more than once in a lifetime. Unlike the flu, which is typically associated with winter, adenovirus doesn't follow a clear seasonal pattern; infection can occur at any time of year.
This year-round nature makes it more difficult to detect and often leads to confusion with common colds or sore throats, despite differences in the duration and nature of symptoms.
Symptoms Longer Than a Cold and Milder Than the Flu
Common symptoms of adenovirus infection include fever, sore throat, runny nose, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). These symptoms often last longer than those of a typical cold.
Compared to the flu, body aches and fatigue are usually less severe. However, what distinguishes this virus is the lack of a widely available vaccine, making it primarily reliant on the body's natural immunity.
Infection is most common among infants and children under five, but adults are not immune. Adenovirus can infect all age groups, especially in crowded environments.
Potential Complications in Children
Adenoviral infections are usually mild and resolve spontaneously. However, in some cases, they can develop into health complications, including:
- Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
- Bronch or lung infections
- A barking cough (croup) in children
- Ear infections
- Gastrointestinal problems such as diarrhea and stomach pain
The likelihood of complications increases in young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems.
Rapid Spread and Survival on Surfaces
Adenoviral viruses are highly contagious and spread easily in nurseries, schools, hospitals, workplaces, and care homes. They can also survive on surfaces for extended periods, making infection possible even without direct contact with an infected person.
Symptoms typically appear between two days and two weeks after exposure to the virus, increasing the chances of transmission before detection.
No antibiotics... treatment is supportive only.
Since adenovirus is a viral infection, antibiotics are ineffective. Treatment primarily focuses on symptom relief through:
- Rest and adequate fluid intake
- Paracetamol to reduce fever
- Using a humidifier to relieve cough and congestion
- Using saline nasal sprays to ease breathing
Symptoms may last for a few days, but in some cases, they can persist for up to two weeks before disappearing completely.
Awareness is the first line of defense.
Recognizing adenovirus as one of the "hidden guests" of winter can help prevent infection or reduce its severity, especially in settings with children or in healthcare facilities. Adhering to hygiene practices, such as regular handwashing and surface disinfection, remains one of the most important preventative measures.
